Horizontal Galvanized
EROSION RESEARCH METHODS
1.2 Definition of objectives
Before deciding on a research program is important to clearly define the objectives. S i the objective is to obtain a practical response to a practical problem, such as which of the two rotations are more popular subject to erosion, then the experimental procedures will be very different from those required to establish long-term fundamentals, as the erosive power of rain local. scale experiments should be taken into account for detailed analytical study of points that could be done in small plots or in the laboratory, but the practice of agricultural operations can only be tested in plots large enough for practical farm scale. Accuracy required should be approved for precise and accurate techniques will be lost if the question is simply "which of the two alternatives is best?"
The use of statistics in the design of experiments and processing of results is a difficult problem. Hayward (1968) has studied closely the results of many experiments Field of the plot and concluded that few of them have been scientifically tested. On the other hand, the common approach adopted by the research worker conservation practice is that he is "measuring the differences so great that they do not need statistics to explain," a more scientific opinion even though it has a large attractive to the fieldworker. In most situations a compromise somewhere between the extreme positions are given the best results. It is important to avoid collecting a mass of information that is of little value because its reliability is questionable. Furthermore policies conservation practices will not be influenced by the value of the third decimal. If conservation research, to be effective, results must eventually be translated into action on the ground.
Recognition erosion studies
The accuracy of measurements
Measurements Quantitative erosion are most common and most accurately obtained from permanent plots, but this method is not always appropriate. For example, exploratory trials to establish the order of magnitude of the loss not justified fixed plots. Another case is the measurement of localized erosion can not be mounted in a frame, such as erosion in the ravines, or roads, or caused by overgrazing. In these cases the order of accuracy required may be very different crop rotation. . If all soil eroded from a field plot is collected in tanks and weighed, and yet one side of the weight measurement is obtained an accurate estimate of soil loss.
Measuring changes in surface
There are several methods to provide a benchmark to measure the level of surface are described by Glearson (1957). One idea is to drive on low peaks or galvanized iron nails 300 mm long. The measurement of the distance from the top of stem at ground level will show changes in the surface. When the cycles of erosion and deposition is likely, as often occurs in gully erosion, the nail is passed through a galvanized iron washer and driven flush with the surface. When erosion takes place the washing machine down to the soil surface but any subsequent deposition of the washer goes up, so it shows the lowest position and the depth of deposition.
Another simple way to record level is original press bottle caps on the surface of the soil. The depth of the subsequent erosion shown by the height of the pedestals which protects the soil from the plugs bottles. beds great movement of soil in the river and ravines can be evaluated by spray painting a necklace around the rocks and tree roots level soil. Erosion reveals a band with no paint under the paint line, indicating the depth of soil removed.
Measurement gully erosion
When the progress of soil erosion is being studied, measurements are needed for the horizontal spread of the ravine, and vertical changes. One method is to place a picket line at a fixed distance from the gorge, another is to establish a rectangular grid of pins. In any case, a measure from the data are repeated at regular intervals to establish the rate at which the ravine is moving. For this type of survey is also a photographic record is useful and quantitative estimates can be made provided that the photographs are taken with precision. Scores should be established that the photographs can be taken after of precisely the same point and direction, the picture should include some measure of the scale.
About the Author
Felix Ooko
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